Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Silk Road Studies Program. The Tajiks are the principal ethnic group in most of Tajikistan, in addition to in northern and western Afghanistan, although there are extra Tajiks in Afghanistan than in Tajikistan.

President Niyazov has ordered that basic Islamic ideas be taught in public schools. More spiritual establishments, including non secular colleges and mosques, have appeared, many with the assist of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Turkey. Religious lessons are held in both the schools and the mosques, with instruction in Arabic language, the Koran (Quran) and the hadith, and the historical past of Islam.

Ethnic Kazakhs are predominantly Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi school.[three] There are also small variety of Shia and few Ahmadi.[4] Geographically speaking, Kazakhstan is the northernmost Muslim-majority country on the planet. Kazakhs make up over half of the entire inhabitants, and other ethnic teams of Muslim background embody Uzbeks, Uyghurs and Tatars.[5] Islam first arrived on the southern edges of the area within the eighth century from Arabs. A part of Persia till the Battle of Geok Tepe, Askhabad was ceded to the Russian Empire underneath the terms of the Akhal Treaty.

) is a sovereign country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest metropolis of the nation.

Ethnic teams

Most precipitation falls between January and May; precipitation is slight throughout the nation, with annual averages ranging from 300 millimeters (11.eight in) in the Kopet Dag to 80 millimeters (3.15 in) in the northwest. The capital, Ashgabat, close to the Iranian border in south-central Turkmenistan, averages 225 millimeters (8.9 in) of rainfall annually. Average annual temperatures vary from 17.1 °C (62.eight °F) in Ashgabat to 12.8 °C (fifty five.zero °F) in Daşoguz, on the Uzbek border in north-central Turkmenistan.

Russia developed the area as it was near the border of British-influenced Persia, and the inhabitants grew from 2,500 in 1881 to 19,428 (of whom one third had been Persian) in 1897.[10] It was regarded as a pleasing town with European fashion buildings, outlets, and hotels. In 1908, the primary Bahá’í House of Worship was inbuilt Askhabat.

The almost fixed winds are northerly, northeasterly, or westerly. Its longest border is with the Caspian Sea (1,786 km (1,a hundred and ten mi)). The different borders are with Iran (to the south, 992 km (616 mi)), Afghanistan (to the south, 744 km (462 mi)), Uzbekistan (to the north and east, 1,621 km (1,007 mi)) and Kazakhstan (to the north, 379 km (235 mi)). Turkmenistan is barely bigger than the US state of California in territory, occupying 488,100 km². By space, Turkmenistan ranks fourth among the former Soviet republics, after Russia, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine.

This video over the Sahara Desert and the Middle East was taken by the crew of Expedition 29 on board the International Space Station. Industries of the Middle Eastern area embrace oil and oil-associated products, agriculture, cotton, cattle, dairy, textiles, leather products, surgical devices, defence gear (weapons, ammunition, tanks, submarines, fighter jets, UAVs, and missiles).

Indian, Iranian and Far Eastern religions

The Mongols, the Kingdom of Armenia, the Seljuks, the Safavids, the Ottoman Empire, and the British Empire additionally dominated the area. “1 Russian Journal of Genetics, Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism in Populations of the Caspian Region and Southeastern Europe”. The vast majority of its inhabitants (80%) lives in European Russia.10 Part of the Nordic Passport Union.

It is a member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Several Modern South Arabian languages similar to Mehri and Soqotri are also spoken Yemen and Oman. Another Semitic language such as Aramaic and its dialects are spoken mainly by Assyrians and Mandaeans.

Uzbekistan

Since Turkmenistan’s independence in 1991, a cultural revival has taken place with the return of a moderate form of Islam and celebration of Novruz (an Iranian[29] custom) or New Year’s Day. Most Turkmen were nomads and weren’t settled in cities and cities till the arrival of the Soviet authorities. This cellular life-style precluded identification with anybody exterior one’s kin group and led to frequent conflicts between different Turkmen tribes. In collaboration with the local nationalists, the Soviet government sought to rework the Turkmen and different “backward” ethnic groups in the USSR into modern socialist nations that primarily based their identity on a fixed territory and a standard language. Ephthalites, Huns, and Göktürks got here in an extended parade of invasions.

Tajiks are a considerable minority in Uzbekistan, as well as in overseas communities. Historically, the ancestors of the Tajiks lived in a bigger territory in Central Asia than now. The metropolis’s professional soccer golf equipment Altyn Asyr, FC Ashgabat, HTTU Aşgabat and FC Hazyna play in the Ýokary Liga, the highest league of Turkmenistan. Ashgabat was chosen because the host city of the V Asian Indoor Games and Martial Arts,[sixty four] and was additionally the primary city in Central Asia to host the Asian Indoor Games.

Other outstanding establishments are the Turkmen State Institute of Economics and Management, a main enterprise college based in 1980, in addition to the Turkmen State Institute of Architecture and Construction and The National Institute of Sports and Tourism of Turkmenistan. In 2016, the English- and Japanese-medium Oguzhan Engineering Technology University was opened with support of the Japanese government. The International University of Humanities and Development is one other English-medium establishment of upper training.

Because of excessive irrigation, Turkmen agriculture contributes to the regular drawdown of sea ranges. In flip, the Aral Sea’s desiccation, which had shrunk that body of water by an estimated 59 turkmenistan women,000 sq. kilometers by 1994, profoundly impacts financial productivity and the health of the inhabitants of the republic.